An array is a List containing several items of the same kind.

It is declared using [ and ].

Imortant: you must initialize arrays to something, even if it's an empty array.

var floatArray as float []; won't give syntax errors, but upon reloading your game, you will get an error and your script won't work.

Instead, initialize empty arrays like this var floatArray as float [] = [];

ZenScript
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//Array containing "Hello" and "World"
val stringArray = ["Hello", "World"] as string[];

//Array containing 1-3
val intArray = [1,2,3] as int[];

If you now think "wait, haven't I seen these brackets before?", you have. Remember recipes.add(out,[[],[],[]]);? This uses three arrays with each containing up to three entries to define a crafting table recipe.

You surely have noticed that all arrays here have the as statement appended.
Why you ask? This is because ZenScript sometimes cannot predict what type the items in the array are. This can be the cause of strange conversion error logs!
Better be safe than sorry and cast the Arrays to their correct types!
Also, if you cast to non-primitive types (everything except strings, ints and the same) be sure to import the corresponding package and be sure to do so at the TOP of the script:

ZenScript
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import crafttweaker.item.IItemStack;
val IArray = [<minecraft:gold_ingot>, <minecraft:iron_ingot>] as IItemStack[];

You can place Arrays in Arrays.

ZenScript
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val stringArray1 = ["Hello","World"] as string[];
val stringArray2 = ["I","am"] as string[];
val stringArray3 = ["a","beatuful"] as string[];
val stringArrayAll = [stringArray1,stringArray2,stringArray3,["Butterfly","!"]] as string[][];

You can refer to an element within an array by using it's place in the list. The first item in an Array is No. 0, the 2nd No.1 and so on.

If you want to refer to an item in a nested Array, you need two or more referers, as each removes one layer of the lists.

ZenScript
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/*
stringArray[0] is "Hello"
stringArray[1] is "World"
stringArray[2] is "I"
stringArray[3] is "am"
*/
val stringArray = ["Hello","World","I","am"] as string[];

//prints "Hello"
print(stringArray[0]);


//Nested Arrays
val stringArray1 = ["Hello","World"] as string[];
val stringArray2 = ["I","am"] as string[];
val stringArray3 = ["a","beautiful"] as string[];
val stringArrayAll = [stringArray1,stringArray2,stringArray3,["Butterfly","!"]] as string[][];

/*
stringArrayAll[0] is ["Hello","World"]
stringArrayAll[1] is ["I","am"]
stringArrayAll[2] is ["a","beautiful"]
stringArrayAll[3] is ["Butterfly","!"]

stringArrayAll[0][0] is "Hello"
stringArrayAll[0][1] is "World"
etc.
*/

//prints "World"
print(stringArrayAll[0][1]);

A loop is a function that repeats itself. You can use loops to apply an action to all elements in an Array

The main use of the for-loop is iterating through an array. Iterating means doing an action to all elements of an array.
You can use the break keyword to break the loop prematurely.

ZenScript
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import crafttweaker.item.IItemStack;

val IArray = [<minecraft:dirt>,<minecraft:planks>,<minecraft:diamond>] as IItemStack[];
val JArray = [<minecraft:grass>,<minecraft:log>,<minecraft:gold_ingot>] as IItemStack[];
val KArray = [<minecraft:wooden_axe>,<minecraft:golden_shovel>,<minecraft:emerald>] as IItemStack[];


//for [IntegerName, ] elementName in IArray {code}

for item in IArray {
    //defines the variable "item" with each element of IArray (i.e. <minecraft:dirt>,<minecraft:planks>,<minecraft:diamond>)
    //Just use this variable now!
    recipes.remove(item);
}

for i, item in IArray {
    //defines the variable "i" with each element Number of IArray (i.e. 0,1,2,...)
    //defines the variable "item" with each element of IArray (i.e. <minecraft:dirt>,<minecraft:planks>,<minecraft:diamond>)
    //Just use these variables now!

    //Crafts Item of IArray using item of JArray and KArray (i.e. Dirt with grass and wooden axe, planks with wood and golden shovel, diamond with gold ingot and emerald)
    recipes.addShapeless(item,[JArray[i],KArray[i]]);
}

for i in 0 to 10 {
    //defines the variable "i" with each number from 0 to 9 (i.e. 0,1,2,...,8,9)
    print(i);
}

for i in 10 .. 20 {
    //defines the variable "i" with each number from 10 to 19 (i.e. 10,11,12,...,18,19)
    print(i);
}

for item in loadedMods["minecraft"].items {
    //defines the variable "item" with each item added by the mod with the modID "minecraft" and removes its crafting recipe
    recipes.remove(item);
}

The while loop executes the given code as long as the given condition evaluates to true.
Alternatively, you can stop it using the break keyword.

ZenScript
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var i = 0; 

//Will print 0 - 9, because in the iteration after that, i < 10 is false since i is 10 then.
while i < 10 {
    print(i); 
    i += 1;
} 

print("After loop: " + i);


//Will print 10 - 6, because in the iteration after that i == 5 and it will break.
while (i > 0) {
    if i == 5
        break;
    print(i);
    i -= 1;
}

print("After loop 2: " + i);


for k in 1 .. 10 {
    if (k == 5)
        break;
    print(k);
}

While it is not recommended to do so, it is possible to add some Objects to Arrays.
You can only add single Objects to an array, you cannot add two arrays.
You use the + operator for array Addition:

ZenScript
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import crafttweaker.item.IItemStack;

val iron = <minecraft:iron_ingot>;
var array as IItemStack[] = [iron, iron, iron];

array += iron;
for item in array {
    print(item.displayName);
}